Cataracts

A cataract is a clouding or darkening that develops in the normally clear lens of the eye. This prevents the lens from properly focusing light on the retina at the back of the eye, resulting in a loss of vision. Cataracts are most often found in persons over the age of 55, but they are also occasionally found in younger people, including newborns.

While a comprehensive eye examination by an eye doctor can determine if you have a cataract forming, there are a number of signs and symptoms that may indicate a cataract. Among them are:

• Blurred or hazy vision where colors may seem yellowed;
• The appearance of dark spots or shadows that seem to move when the eye moves;
• A tendency to become more nearsighted because of increased lens density;
• Double vision;
• A gradual loss or deterioration of color vision;
• A stage where it is easier to see without glasses;
• The feeling of having a film over the eyes; and
• An increased sensitivity to glare, especially at night.

It is known that a chemical change within the eye causes the lens to become cloudy. The change may be due to advancing age or it may be the result of heredity, an injury, or a disease. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) radiation present in sunlight or from furnaces, cigarette smoking and/or the use of certain medications are also cataract risk factors. Cataracts usually develop in both eyes, frequently at different rates. There is no proven method to prevent cataracts from forming.

If your cataract develops to a point that daily activities area affected, you will be referred to an eye surgeon (an ophthalmologist) who may recommend the surgical removal of the cataract. The surgery is relatively uncomplicated for most individuals. Intraocular lens implants, inserted into your eye at the time of surgery, serve as a "new lens" and are the most frequent form of visual correction. In many cases, eyeglasses (particularly bifocals or progressives) may also be needed to provide the most effective post-cataract vision.